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Indirect somatic embryogenesis of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L<i>.</i> in liquid medium and improvement of embryo-to-plantlet conversion rate.

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Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

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Theobroma cacao: Somatic Embryogenesis.

Caroline Guillou¹, Dorothée Verdier²

¹Nestlé Research Plant Science Research Unit, Tours Cedex 2, France. caroline.guillou@rdto.nestle.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|August 11, 2022

Summary

A novel two-step somatic embryogenesis method efficiently propagates Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) using staminodes and petals, enabling mass propagation for many cultivars despite clone variability.

Keywords:

Direct SE Indirect SE Liquid culture medium Solid culture medium Somatic embryogenesis Theobroma cacao

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A Method for Characterizing Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

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Published on: August 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Plant Biotechnology
Agricultural Science
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is crucial for mass propagation of elite plant genotypes.
Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) propagation faces challenges due to recalcitrance and variability.
Efficient methods for large-scale cacao plant production are needed for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize a two-step somatic embryogenesis protocol for Theobroma cacao L.
To enable mass propagation of cacao cultivars through a combination of direct and indirect SE.
To assess the efficiency and limitations of the developed SE method.

Main Methods:

A two-step process combining direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis (SE).
Induction of primary direct embryos from staminodes and petals on solid medium.
Subculture of primary embryos to induce embryogenic calli for secondary embryo development in liquid medium.

Main Results:

Successful induction of direct and indirect somatic embryos from Theobroma cacao L. explants.
Liquid culture of secondary embryos facilitated large-scale embryo production and mass propagation.
Approximately 80% of tested cacao cultivars responded positively to the somatic embryogenesis protocol.

Conclusions:

The described two-step SE method is effective for mass propagation of Theobroma cacao L.
The protocol demonstrates potential for widespread application across many cacao cultivars.
Addressing clone dependency and batch variability is key for further optimization.