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A decrease in functional microbiomes represented as Faecalibacterium affects immune homeostasis in long-term stable

Soon Kyu Lee1, JooYeon Jhun2,3, Seung Yoon Lee2,3

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|August 11, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that specific gut bacteria profiles are linked to acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation (LT). Understanding these microbial shifts can help predict and potentially manage rejection in transplant recipients.

Keywords:
FaecalibacteriumLiver transplantationbacteroidesgut dysbiosisgut microbiomeimmunosuppressantregulatory T cellstolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Liver transplantation (LT) outcomes are influenced by immunosuppressants (IS) and immune responses.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in various post-transplant complications, including rejection.
  • Identifying microbial biomarkers could improve management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing LT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gut microbial composition and acute cellular rejection (ACR) in liver transplant recipients.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa and their functional pathways linked to ACR.
  • To explore potential microbial indicators for predicting LT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiota in LT recipients with and without ACR.
  • Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were employed to identify differentially abundant taxa.
  • Correlation analysis was performed between microbial composition and clinical parameters (e.g., AST, ALT, PT INR).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gut microbial diversity and composition were observed between patients with and without ACR.
  • Specific bacterial taxa, such as Bacteroides and Prevotella, were found to be significantly altered in the ACR group.
  • LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial signatures associated with ACR, including enrichment of certain pro-inflammatory bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition is significantly altered during acute cellular rejection following liver transplantation.
  • Specific bacterial species and their metabolic functions may play a role in the pathogenesis of ACR.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat ACR in LT recipients.