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Variation in cytonuclear expression accommodation among allopolyploid plants.

Corrinne E Grover1, Evan S Forsythe2, Joel Sharbrough3

  • 1Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

Genetics
|August 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Plant allopolyploids can experience cytonuclear incompatibilities. This study reveals subtle and variable expression evolution in organelle-targeted nuclear genes, suggesting diverse mechanisms for resolving these conflicts.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis suecicaArachisChenopodiumGossypiumcytonuclear incompatibilityexpression biaspolyploidy

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Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary genetics
  • Molecular evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cytonuclear coevolution is crucial for coordinating nuclear and organelle gene expression in plants.
  • Hybridization and polyploidy, common in plants, can lead to cytonuclear incompatibilities.
  • Allopolyploids possess nuclear redundancy that may facilitate cytonuclear accommodation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate expression changes in organelle-targeted nuclear genes in diverse allopolyploid lineages.
  • To assess patterns of homoeolog usage and expression bias in cytonuclear genes.
  • To understand how allopolyploidy resolves nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibilities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 6 allopolyploid lineages across 4 genera (Arabidopsis, Arachis, Chenopodium, Gossypium) of varying polyploid ages.
  • Evaluation of homoeolog usage, expression bias, and expression-level dominance in cytonuclear genes.
  • Comparison of expression patterns to diploid parents and non-cytonuclear genes.

Main Results:

  • Subsets of cytonuclear genes showed maternal preference in some lineages, but this was not universally consistent.
  • Expression evolution in cytonuclear genes was subtle and varied across different allopolyploids and gene categories.
  • No consistent patterns of maternal homoeolog preference were observed across all studied allopolyploids.

Conclusions:

  • Cytonuclear expression evolution in allopolyploids is complex and gene/lineage-specific.
  • Plants employ diverse strategies to resolve nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibilities arising from allopolyploidy.
  • Understanding these subtle evolutionary dynamics is key to plant speciation and adaptation.