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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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GSG2 promotes tumor growth through regulating cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Luhao Li1, Suxin Li1, Haohao Wang1

  • 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|August 11, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Homo-sapiens histone H3 associated protein kinase (GSG2) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Knocking down GSG2 inhibits HCC progression and tumor growth, suggesting GSG2 plays an oncogenic role in HCC.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide.
  • Targeted therapies are improving survival rates in cancer patients.
  • The specific role of homo-sapiens histone H3 associated protein kinase (GSG2) in HCC remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and function of GSG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To determine the impact of GSG2 on HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor growth.
  • To elucidate the potential oncogenic role of GSG2 in HCC development.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical staining to detect GSG2 expression in HCC tissues.
  • GSG2 knockdown using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HCC cell lines.
  • In vitro assays (MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry) and in vivo mice xenograft model to assess tumor growth and apoptosis.
  • Human Apoptosis Antibody Array to explore underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • GSG2 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.
  • GSG2 knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro.
  • GSG2 knockdown promoted apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase 3, caspase 8, Fas, and FasL expression, and decreased IGF1, Bcl2, and Bcl-w.
  • Inhibition of GSG2 suppressed tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • GSG2 knockdown effectively suppresses tumor growth in both in vitro and in vivo models of HCC.
  • GSG2 appears to play a crucial oncogenic role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Targeting GSG2 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Keywords:
ApoptosisGSG2Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Proliferation

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