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Arboviral Equine Encephalitides.

Ramiro E Toribio1

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The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|August 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Equine neurologic diseases are caused by various viruses, including important arboviruses like alphaviruses and flaviviruses. This article reviews their pathophysiology and clinical signs in horses.

Keywords:
AlphavirusEasternEncephalitisEncephalomyelitisFlavivirusHorseVenezuelanWest NileWestern

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Neurology
  • Arthropod-borne Viruses

Background:

  • Equids are susceptible to a range of viral infections causing neurologic disease.
  • Viruses from Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Herpesviridae, Bornaviridae, and Bunyaviridae families are of significant concern.
  • Transmission routes include biological vectors, direct contact, air, and ingestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical aspects of equine arboviruses.
  • Focus on alphaviruses (Togaviridae) and flaviviruses (Flaviviridae) of veterinary importance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on equine arboviruses.
  • Focus on pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Arboviruses represent a significant category of equine pathogens.
  • Alphaviruses and flaviviruses are key examples with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Understanding transmission and disease mechanisms is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Arboviruses pose a considerable threat to equine health, necessitating ongoing research and surveillance.
  • Effective management strategies depend on a thorough understanding of viral pathophysiology and clinical signs.
  • Further investigation into specific arboviruses is warranted to improve equine neurologic disease control.