Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Biologic and Clinical Implications
Zachary S Bernstein1, E Bridget Kim2, Noopur Raje1,3
1Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Cells
|August 12, 2022
Summary
Multiple Myeloma causes bone disease by disrupting bone remodeling, leading to skeletal-related events. Osteoclast inhibitors like bisphosphonates and denosumab help manage these complications.
Area of Science:
- Hematologic Malignancy
- Bone Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
- Bone disease, including osteolytic lesions, affects most MM patients.
- Skeletal-related events (SREs) like fractures increase mortality risk in MM patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular basis of MM-related bone disease.
- To discuss current therapeutic options for bone complications.
- To highlight recent advancements in managing MM bone disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
- Analysis of therapeutic strategies.
- Synthesis of recent clinical advances.
Main Results:
- MM bone disease stems from an imbalance favoring osteoclast activity.
- Osteoclast inhibitors (bisphosphonates, denosumab) reduce SREs.
- Effective management strategies are crucial for patient outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Understanding MM bone disease mechanisms is key.
- Targeting osteoclast activity is vital for preventing SREs.
- Ongoing research promises improved treatments for MM bone complications.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Bone Disorders
3.8K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.8K
01:22Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
483
Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
483
01:15Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
3.3K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.3K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
3.1K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.1K