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Interplay of Developmental Hippo-Notch Signaling Pathways with the DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer
Ioanna Mourkioti1, Andriani Angelopoulou1, Konstantinos Belogiannis1
1Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer belongs in the class of hormone-dependent cancers, representing a major cause of cancer incidence in men worldwide. Since upon disease onset almost all prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and require active androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their survival, the primary treatment approach has for decades relied on inhibition of the AR pathway via androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, following this line of treatment, cancer cell pools often become resistant to therapy, contributing to disease progression towards the significantly more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) form, characterized by poor prognosis. It is, therefore, of critical importance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the progression of early-stage prostate cancer towards CRPC. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of major signaling pathways including the DNA damage response (DDR) and the developmental Hippo and Notch pathways in prostate tumorigenesis. We recapitulate key evidence demonstrating the crosstalk of those pathways as well as with pivotal prostate cancer-related 'hubs' such as AR signaling, and evaluate the clinical impact of those interactions. Moreover, we attempt to identify molecules of the complex DDR-Hippo-Notch interplay comprising potentially novel therapeutic targets in the battle against prostate tumorigenesis.
Insights
Prostate cancer progresses to a deadly form when cells resist androgen deprivation therapy. Understanding DNA damage response, Hippo, and Notch pathways may reveal new therapeutic targets for advanced prostate cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Signaling Pathways
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a major male cancer, initially dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling.
- Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment, but often leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
- CRPC is aggressive with a poor prognosis, necessitating research into progression mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate molecular mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression to CRPC.
- To review the roles of DNA damage response (DDR), Hippo, and Notch pathways in prostate tumorigenesis.
- To identify potential novel therapeutic targets within these signaling pathways.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of signaling pathways in prostate cancer.
- Analysis of crosstalk between DDR, Hippo, Notch, and AR signaling.
- Evaluation of the clinical impact of these pathway interactions.
Main Results:
- The review highlights the interplay between DDR, Hippo, and Notch pathways in prostate cancer.
- Evidence demonstrates crosstalk between these pathways and AR signaling.
- These interactions are crucial for understanding prostate cancer progression.
Conclusions:
- The complex interplay of DDR, Hippo, and Notch pathways is central to prostate tumorigenesis.
- Understanding these interactions may reveal novel therapeutic strategies.
- Targeting molecules within the DDR-Hippo-Notch network offers potential for combating advanced prostate cancer.
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