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LncRNA H19 Impairs Chemo and Radiotherapy in Tumorigenesis
Carlos Garcia-Padilla1,2, Estefanía Lozano-Velasco1,2,3, María Del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo2
1Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Abstract:
Various treatments based on drug administration and radiotherapy have been devoted to preventing, palliating, and defeating cancer, showing high efficiency against the progression of this disease. Recently, in this process, malignant cells have been found which are capable of triggering specific molecular mechanisms against current treatments, with negative consequences in the prognosis of the disease. It is therefore fundamental to understand the underlying mechanisms, including the genes-and their signaling pathway regulators-involved in the process, in order to fight tumor cells. Long non-coding RNAs, H19 in particular, have been revealed as powerful protective factors in various types of cancer. However, they have also evidenced their oncogenic role in multiple carcinomas, enhancing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this review, we analyze the role of lncRNA H19 impairing chemo and radiotherapy in tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, glioma, and colorectal carcinoma.
Insights
Long non-coding RNA H19 plays a dual role in cancer, sometimes protecting cells and other times promoting tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Understanding H19 is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy face challenges from malignant cells developing resistance mechanisms.
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their complex roles in cancer progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted role of the lncRNA H19 in cancer, specifically its impact on chemo- and radiotherapy resistance.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which H19 influences tumorigenesis and treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating lncRNA H19 in various cancer types.
- Analysis of H19's oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions.
- Examination of H19's involvement in chemo- and radiotherapy resistance pathways.
Main Results:
- H19 exhibits context-dependent roles, acting as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene in different cancers.
- H19 has been shown to impair the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in multiple carcinomas.
- H19 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Conclusions:
- The lncRNA H19 significantly influences cancer progression and treatment resistance.
- Targeting H19 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemo- and radiotherapy resistance.
- Further research into H19's regulatory networks is essential for advancing cancer therapy.
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