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Renal Toxicities in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis

Matteo Righini1,2, Veronica Mollica3,4, Alessandro Rizzo5

  • 1Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors increase the risk of renal toxicity. This meta-analysis of 17 trials found a higher relative risk for all grades of kidney damage in patients receiving these treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionary cancer therapies.
  • Assessing treatment-related adverse events, such as renal toxicity, is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of clinical trials evaluating immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To quantify the risk differences and relative risks of renal toxicity associated with ICIs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 randomized phase III clinical trials.
  • Inclusion of data from 10,252 patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • ICIs were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of all grades of renal toxicity (pooled Relative Risk = 2.473).
  • Specific risk differences were calculated for low-grade (0.746%), high-grade (0.61%), and all-grade (1.2%) renal toxicity.
  • Increased renal toxicity risk was observed in specific patient subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Immune-checkpoint inhibitors are linked to a notable increase in the risk of developing renal toxicity.
  • Clinicians should carefully monitor patients receiving ICIs for potential kidney-related adverse events.
Keywords:
PD-1 inhibitorsPD-L1 inhibitorsacute kidney injurychronic kidney diseaseimmune-checkpoint inhibitorsmeta-analysisrenal toxicity

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