Relapsed Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma with Fulminant Leukemic Involvement

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1-2% of cases).
• AITL presents diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms and often non-diagnostic initial biopsies.
• Curative therapeutic options remain limited, with challenges in stem cell transplantation (SCT) eligibility and post-transplant relapse.

Observation:

• This case report details an AITL patient with florid leukemic infiltration upon relapse.
• The report includes patient symptoms, diagnostic hurdles, clinical course, and treatment.
• Peripheral blood and flow cytometry images are provided for illustrative purposes.

Findings:

• Leukemic infiltration is a rare presentation of AITL.
• The case underscores the diagnostic difficulties and aggressive nature of AITL.
• This report contributes to the limited literature on AITL with leukemic features.

Implications:

• Enhanced understanding of AITL, particularly its rare presentations like leukemic infiltration.
• Improved diagnostic strategies for challenging cases of AITL.
• Potential insights into therapeutic approaches for relapsed or refractory AITL.