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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

28
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
28
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

32
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
32
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

47
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
47
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

36
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
36
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

46
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
46
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

39
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
39

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
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Hiatal hernia presenting as a left atrial mass.

Jagadeesh Kumar Kalavakunta1, Jose Ricardo F Po1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Ascension Borgess Medical Center, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine Michigan State University Kalamazoo Michigan USA.

Clinical Case Reports
|August 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A challenging cardiac mass was diagnosed in a 62-year-old woman. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed the left atrial mass was actually a hiatal hernia, not a tumor.

Keywords:
cardiac magnetic resonance imagingcardiac massechocardiographyhiatal hernia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cardiac masses can present diagnostic challenges, mimicking various conditions.
  • Accurate differentiation is crucial for appropriate patient management and treatment strategies.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old woman presented with chest pain and palpitations.
  • Initial transthoracic echocardiography identified a suspicious left atrial mass.

Findings:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) provided definitive characterization of the lesion.
  • The left atrial mass was accurately diagnosed as a hiatal hernia, not an intrinsic cardiac tumor.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging modalities like CMR in resolving complex cardiac diagnoses.
  • CMR can differentiate between true cardiac masses and extrardiac structures like hiatal hernias, preventing unnecessary interventions.