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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
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Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia: Consequences and Management.

Deepanjali Vedantam1, Devyani S Poman2, Lakshya Motwani3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, IND.

Cureus
|August 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH), or high blood sugar during illness, increases mortality risk in hospitalized patients. Proper management and discharge planning are crucial to mitigate SIH

Keywords:
admission hyperglycemiacontinuous glucose monitoring systemscritically ill patientsde novo diabetes mellitusdiabetes and hospitalar hyperglycemiain-hospital mortalityinsulin in icuinsulin protocolnutrition in critical carestress hyperglycemia

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia during stress, defined as blood glucose >180 mg/dL in non-diabetics, is common in hospitalized patients.
  • Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) arises from illness-related insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion, complicating glucose management.
  • SIH significantly impacts critically ill patients, contributing to increased mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the development and consequences of SIH in critically ill patients.
  • To discuss the impact of SIH on acute conditions like myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
  • To evaluate management strategies for SIH, including insulin therapy and nutritional support, in various hospital settings.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and evaluation of diverse studies on SIH.
  • Analysis of SIH effects in critically ill and non-critically ill hospitalized patients.
  • Review of management protocols involving insulin and nutritional therapy.

Main Results:

  • SIH in critically ill patients is associated with increased mortality.
  • SIH exacerbates outcomes in acute illnesses such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
  • Effective management of SIH requires insulin and nutritional therapy, with careful consideration for discharge planning.

Conclusions:

  • Improper control of SIH leads to adverse outcomes and increased mortality in hospitalized patients.
  • Hospitalized patients experiencing SIH have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes post-recovery.
  • Developing a comprehensive discharge plan is essential for patients with SIH to address long-term health risks.