Health Risk Assessment and Comparative Studies on Some Fish Species Cultured in Traditional and Biofloc Fish Farms

Area of Science:

• Aquaculture
• Environmental Science
• Food Safety

Background:

• Fish consumption is a vital source of nutrients but can pose health risks due to metal contamination.
• Biofloc technology offers a sustainable aquaculture method with potential benefits for fish quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare macro-mineral and toxic metal concentrations in fish from biofloc and traditional farms.
• To assess dietary contributions and evaluate health risks associated with fish consumption.
• To determine the suitability of biofloc-raised fish for human consumption.

Main Methods:

• Fish samples were collected from biofloc and traditional fish farms.
• Macro-mineral and toxic metal concentrations were analyzed.
• Health risks were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) deterministic model, calculating Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR).

Main Results:

• Biofloc fish exhibited higher macro-mineral and lower toxic metal levels than market fish.
• No non-carcinogenic health risks were identified (THQ < 1.0 for all metals).
• Market Tilapia showed a Hazard Index (HI) exceeding 1.0, unlike biofloc samples; Target Cancer Risk (TCR) for lead was within safe limits but lower in biofloc fish.

Conclusions:

• Fish from both biofloc and traditional farms are generally safe for consumption.
• Biofloc fish farming produces fish with a superior nutritional profile and reduced health risks.
• Biofloc fish, particularly Tilapia, are a safer and more suitable choice for consumers compared to traditionally farmed fish.