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Quantum vs Noncontextual Semi-Device-Independent Randomness Certification
Carles Roch I Carceller1, Kieran Flatt2, Hanwool Lee2
1Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Physical Review Letters
|August 12, 2022
Summary
Quantum physics offers greater randomness certification than classical physics for partially characterized devices. This quantum advantage in random number generation is significant when device states are not fully known.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Foundations of Physics
Background:
- Randomness certification is crucial for secure applications.
- Device characterization is often incomplete in real-world scenarios.
- Noncontextuality serves as a benchmark for classicality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare quantum and classical physics for randomness certification.
- To develop semi-device independent protocols for random number generation.
- To investigate the quantum advantage in randomness certification.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing state discrimination for randomness certification.
- Employing maximum-confidence discrimination, a generalization of unambiguous and minimum-error discrimination.
- Developing quantum and noncontextual semi-device independent protocols.
Main Results:
- Quantum devices can certify more randomness than noncontextual (classical) devices.
- This quantum advantage is observed when input states are not unambiguously identified.
- A quantum-over-classical advantage in randomness certification is demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- Quantum physics provides a superior framework for randomness certification compared to noncontextual classical physics.
- The developed protocols offer a path towards more secure random number generation.
- The findings highlight the power of quantum mechanics in scenarios with limited device information.
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