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Published on: December 9, 2022
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Chromatin-Associated Molecular Patterns (CAMPs) in sepsis
Colleen P Nofi1,2,3, Ping Wang4,5,6,7, Monowar Aziz8,9,10,11
1Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
Cell Death & Disease
|August 12, 2022
Summary
New chromatin-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs) are identified, distinct from PAMPs and DAMPs. These CAMPs, including DNA and histones, trigger immune responses and offer novel therapeutic targets for sepsis and inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect molecular patterns to modulate immune responses.
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are established categories of immune-activating molecules.
- Endogenous molecules released during cellular stress or damage can also trigger immune signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and define a new class of immune-activating molecules: chromatin-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs).
- To review the mechanisms by which CAMPs are released and signal through immune pathways.
- To explore therapeutic strategies targeting CAMPs in inflammatory conditions like sepsis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on DAMPs and immune signaling.
- Classification of specific chromatin-derived molecules as CAMPs.
- Analysis of cellular release mechanisms and downstream signaling cascades.
Main Results:
- Identified chromatin-associated molecules (e.g., DNA, histones, extracellular RNA, mitochondrial DNA, telomeric RNA, DNA/RNA-binding proteins, extracellular traps) as CAMPs.
- Detailed the release of CAMPs from cells and their recognition by PRRs.
- Outlined the immune signaling pathways activated by CAMPs, contributing to inflammation and tissue injury.
Conclusions:
- CAMPs represent a significant, previously unclassified subgroup of endogenous immune triggers.
- Understanding CAMPs' role is crucial for comprehending immune responses in sepsis and inflammation.
- Targeting CAMPs offers a promising therapeutic avenue for managing inflammatory diseases and sepsis-related tissue damage.
