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Ectopic Fat and Cardiac Health in People with HIV: Serious as a Heart Attack

Ana N Hyatt1, Jordan E Lake2

  • 1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|August 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

People with HIV (PWH) show altered cardiac fat distribution, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Understanding and regulating adipose tissue quantity and quality is crucial for mitigating this risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Infectious Disease Complications

Background:

  • People with HIV (PWH) exhibit a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population.
  • Adipose tissue dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to CVD.
  • Understanding fat distribution in PWH is critical for managing CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on adipose tissue distribution alterations in PWH.
  • To focus on the cardiac adipose tissue depot and its relationship with CVD risk.
  • To elucidate the role of adipose tissue disturbances in the elevated CVD risk among PWH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies.
  • Analysis of data on adipose tissue distribution in people with HIV.
  • Correlation of fat depot characteristics with cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac fat depots in PWH resemble visceral adipose tissue patterns.
  • Altered fat distribution and quality, along with enlarged epicardial adipose tissue, are linked to increased coronary artery disease in PWH.
  • Adipose tissue disturbances contribute significantly to CVD risk in PWH, independent of traditional risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue alterations are a key factor in the heightened CVD risk observed in PWH.
  • Targeting adipose tissue quantity and quality may offer novel strategies for CVD risk reduction in this population.
  • Further research is needed to explore therapeutic interventions focused on adipose tissue modulation in PWH.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac fat depotEctopic fatEpicardial adipose tissueHIV

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