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Precision health in behaviour change interventions: A scoping review
Chelsea E Mauch1, Sarah M Edney2, John Noel M Viana3
1Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Precision health behavior change interventions rely heavily on human-led personalization and self-reported data. Future research should explore sophisticated, scalable interventions considering social and environmental contexts for greater public health impact.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Behavior
- Digital Health
Background:
- Precision health aims to deliver personalized behavioral interventions for improved population health.
- The field is evolving, necessitating a review of current research on precision health behavior change interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map the state of research on precision health behavior change interventions.
- To identify personalization methods, data sources, and intervention targets in existing studies.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review of studies published between January 2010 and June 2020.
- Included experimental evaluations of interventions targeting modifiable health behaviors.
- Searched six databases using terms related to precision health and behavior change.
Main Results:
- Thirty-one studies were included; 39% were RCTs, and 55% had weak designs.
- Interventions primarily targeted physical activity and diet, often addressing multiple behaviors.
- Personalization was mainly human-led (55%) or digital (35%), using self-reported or behavioral/lifestyle data, with no genetic data utilization.
Conclusions:
- Precision health behavior change interventions are currently reliant on low-tech, human-led personalization.
- There's a gap in considering the interplay between individual behavior and social/environmental contexts.
- Further research is needed to enhance personalization sophistication, scalability, and public health impact.
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