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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes and trace elements

Klára Szentmihályi1, Szilvia Klébert1, Anikó Somogyi2

  • 11 Természettudományi Kutatóközpont, Anyag- és Környezetkémiai Intézet Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117 Magyarország.

Orvosi Hetilap
|August 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trace elements are vital for human health, but their role in diabetes development and complications remains debated. This review explores their impact on diabetes pathogenesis and associated biochemical changes.

Keywords:
chromiumcinkcopperdiabeteskrómmanganesemangánrézseleniumszelénzinc

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Trace elements are crucial for numerous biochemical processes in the human body.
  • Imbalances in trace elements, whether deficient or in excess, can lead to significant health issues and diseases.
  • The precise role of trace elements in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus is still a subject of scientific controversy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of trace elements' involvement in the development, pathogenesis, and progression of diabetes.
  • To review the biochemical functions of key trace elements in the human body.
  • To discuss the relationship between trace element status, oxidative stress, and diabetes complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on trace elements and diabetes.
  • Analysis of biochemical processes involving specific trace elements.
  • Examination of the link between trace element status, free radicals, and antioxidant defense systems.

Main Results:

  • Specific trace elements like zinc, copper, chromium, iron, selenium, and vanadium play significant roles in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling.
  • Alterations in trace element levels are observed in individuals with diabetes, affecting antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • Micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate diabetes complications, with certain risk factors contributing to these deficiencies.

Conclusions:

  • Trace elements are integral to metabolic pathways affected by diabetes.
  • Understanding trace element status is important for managing diabetes and its complications.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the controversial aspects of trace element therapy in diabetes management.