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Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Construal level mindsets modulate gender categorizations in preschool children.

Georg Halbeisen1, Mariela E Jaffé2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Germany.

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Preschool children show flexible social categorization, adjusting gender perceptions based on mindset. An abstract mindset accentuates gender-based categorization compared to a concrete one in young children.

Keywords:
Early childhoodGender biasIntergroup biasPsychological distanceSocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Cognition
  • Cognitive Development

Background:

  • Adults flexibly adjust social categorization based on goals and situational needs.
  • Understanding the development of categorization flexibility in children is crucial for cognitive development research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether preschool children exhibit flexibility in social categorization.
  • To examine if spontaneous gender categorizations are influenced by construal level mindset in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one preschool children participated in the study.
  • A construal mindset induction task was administered.
  • A "who said what" memory task assessed spontaneous gender categorizations.

Main Results:

  • All children engaged in gender-based social categorization, evidenced by memory confusions.
  • Gender categorization was more pronounced in children with an abstract mindset compared to a concrete mindset.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool children possess the ability to modulate their social categorizations.
  • Findings suggest early developmental roots for the modulation of intergroup biases.