Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

662
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
662
Vision01:24

Vision

55.1K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
55.1K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

661
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
661
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.5K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.5K
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

279
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
279
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

511
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
511

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disrupted integration-segregation balance in the intact hemisphere in chronic spatial neglect.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same author

Aphantasia and the Mechanisms of Visual Mental Imagery.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same author

Beta and Gamma Dynamics in Attentional Networks Predict Conscious Reports.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Towards a bridge between intracerebral and surface EEG signatures of conscious report.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026
Same author

Congenital aphantasia is not imagery blindsight.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

The Fusiform Imagery Node: Where vision meets concepts in the left temporal lobe.

Neuropsychologia·2026
Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.1K

Visual objects and their colors.

Paolo Bartolomeo1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurological damage to the ventral temporal cortex can impair object recognition and color processing. Lesion studies reveal caudo-rostral processing gradients from perception to cognition.

Keywords:
Cerebral achromatopsiaColor anomiaOptic aphasiaVentral temporal cortexVisual agnosias

More Related Videos

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.9K
Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.1K
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

11.9K
Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The ventral temporal cortex is crucial for high-level visual processing, including object shape and color recognition.
  • These regions form neural circuits for object recognition, integrating visual input with language systems for categorization and communication.
  • Damage to these circuits can lead to significant deficits in visual object and color processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging findings of object shape and color processing regions in the ventral temporal cortex.
  • To examine historical and recent cases of acquired visual agnosia and color processing deficits.
  • To identify patterns linking lesion locations to specific processing deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of neuroimaging studies focusing on ventral temporal cortex regions.
  • Review of clinical case studies of patients with acquired visual agnosias and color deficits.
  • Analysis of lesion locations and corresponding performance patterns in affected individuals.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging highlights domain-preferring regions for object shape and color in the ventral temporal cortex.
  • Case studies demonstrate diverse deficits resulting from damage to these areas, affecting various visual processing levels.
  • A consistent caudo-rostral gradient in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex is observed, progressing from perceptual to cognitive functions.

Conclusions:

  • The ventral temporal cortex supports object and color processing through interconnected neural circuits.
  • Neurological damage can disrupt these circuits, causing specific visual processing disorders.
  • Evidence supports a functional gradient within the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, from early perception to higher cognitive integration.