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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

194
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
194
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

140
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
140
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

134
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
134
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

171
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
171
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

149
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorders: current issues and future directions.

L Gallagher1,2,3,4, J McGrath1,5

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
|August 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This special issue highlights challenges in diagnosing and treating Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) across the lifespan. It emphasizes improving mental health services and recognition for autistic individuals, especially adults.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersclinical servicesmental healthresearch

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) present significant challenges in mental health service provision across all life stages.
  • There is a recognized deficit in evidence-based treatments for core ASD symptoms and co-occurring conditions.
  • Under-recognition and lack of awareness of ASD, particularly in adults and specific demographics, hinder timely diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the current unmet needs of autistic individuals by examining challenges in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD.
  • To explore clinical and research perspectives on identifying and managing ASD and its associated conditions.
  • To discuss advancements in research, including neuroimaging and clinical trial stratification, to improve future care pathways.

Main Methods:

  • This special issue compiles insights from clinical and research perspectives.
  • It reviews existing literature and presents new research developments.
  • Discussions encompass diagnostic challenges, co-occurring conditions, and novel research methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Mental health services are currently inadequate for the needs of autistic people throughout their lives.
  • Co-occurring conditions are frequently under-recognized, negatively impacting outcomes.
  • Research is advancing in areas like neuroimaging and stratification for clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need to improve the recognition and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) across the lifespan.
  • Enhanced understanding and management of co-occurring conditions are essential for better outcomes.
  • Future research and evidence-based pathways are crucial to meet the needs of autistic individuals more effectively.