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Dopamine systems and biological rhythms: Let's get a move on.

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  • 1Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

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Summary

Dopamine signaling influences biological rhythms like activity and feeding. While dopamine plays a role, further research is needed to confirm its direct role as a circadian pacemaker, especially concerning reward and movement.

Keywords:
circadiandiet-induced obesity (DIO)dopaminefeedingfood entrained oscillator (FEO)food entrainmentmethampetamine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Dopamine signaling is increasingly recognized for its role in regulating biological rhythms.
  • Key brain regions involved include the suprachiasmatic nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental evidence on dopamine's role in mediating various biological rhythms.
  • To differentiate dopamine's influence on circadian rhythms from its role in motor activity and reward.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental studies on dopamine signaling and biological rhythms.
  • Analysis of dopamine's function in photoentrainment, activity cycles, and feeding behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine signaling is implicated in photoentrainment, activity cycles, rest-phase eating, diet-induced obesity, and food anticipatory activity.
  • Rhythmic gene expression in dopamine neurons does not automatically confirm them as circadian pacemakers.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine's causal role in circadian rhythms, particularly those linked to food and reward, warrants further investigation.
  • Future research should differentiate the roles of specific dopamine subpopulations and receptor-expressing neurons in mediating biological rhythms related to feeding, reward, and activity.