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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Thyroid Function, Inflammatory Response, and Glucocorticoids in COVID-19.

Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska1, Agata Berlińska1, Ewelina Puchalska-Reglińska2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 significantly impacts thyroid function, with 80% of patients showing abnormalities. Low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels predict severe outcomes, highlighting thyroid function

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS CoV-2TSHcoronavirus disease 2019free triiodothyronineglucocorticoidsinterleukin-6thyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates understanding SARS-CoV-2's systemic effects.
  • Thyroid function alterations in COVID-19 patients require further investigation, including drug influences and temporal trends.
  • Non-thyroidal illness (NTI) features are common in critically ill patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function abnormalities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • To assess the impact of glucocorticoids on thyroid function during COVID-19.
  • To correlate thyroid function tests with systemic inflammation and predict adverse clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated thyroid function in 174 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients at three time points (days 1, 4, 10).
  • Compared thyroid function between patients treated with and without glucocorticoids.
  • Correlated thyroid function tests with inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes (death, ventilation, vasopressors, prolonged stay).

Main Results:

  • Over 80% of patients exhibited thyroid function abnormalities during hospitalization.
  • Significantly lower free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were observed in patients receiving glucocorticoids.
  • Abnormal thyroid function, particularly low admission fT3, independently predicted adverse clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients.
  • Thyroid function monitoring, especially fT3 levels, can aid in early risk stratification and prediction of severe disease.
  • Glucocorticoid use is associated with reduced fT3 levels in COVID-19.