Enhanced risk of coronary heart disease mortality in lean hypertensive men

A recently presented hypothesis contends that the excess coronary heart disease mortality associated with hypertension is more prominent in lean men than in overweight men. This hypothesis was addressed using data collected in the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study (n = 10,059). The ratios of age-adjusted 15-year death rates in hypertensive and normotensive men were 4.7, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.9 in the Quetelet index groups of less than 2.29, 2.29 to 2.56, 2.56 to 2.83 and greater than 2.83 g/cm2, respectively. The corresponding ratios for all-cause mortality were 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, and 1.7, respectively. The group with the highest all-cause age-adjusted mortality, at 33.6%, was that of the leanest (less than 2.29 g/cm2, bottom 20% of the Quetelet index distribution) hypertensive subjects. The same group also displayed the highest coronary heart disease mortality (age-adjusted rate, 18.2%). The findings persisted for both smokers and nonsmokers and after exclusion of men with coronary heart disease or diabetics at intake, men on antihypertensive medication, or those who died in the first 2 years of follow-up (1963-1965). A multivariate risk score for developing myocardial infarction was calculated, based on levels of age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and Quetelet index. This score varied little across the four Quetelet index groups in hypertensive men: 5-year mean estimated risks of myocardial infarction were between 70 and 74/1000. In normotensive men the scores increased from 19/1000 in the leanest subjects to 29/1000 in the overweight ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)