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COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): A Single Hospital-Based Study
Manjunath M Vijapur1, Vasanth Kattimani2, V K Varsha3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Background:
Opportunistic fungal infections like Mucormycosis in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have posed a great challenge to health care professionals, especially in developing countries like India. Hence, there is a need to understand the biological behaviour of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) to establish standard treatment Protocols and to reduce mortality.
Aims:
This study aims is to assess the type of Mucormycosis among COVID-19 patients in study population and compare the findings with clinical, radiological and haematological parameters along with treatment and surgical management.
Methods And Material:
This retrospective, observational study included 60 cases of CAM reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the tertiary care centre, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli. Data about various parameters were tabulated and analysed statistically.
Statistical Analysis Used:
Bivariate analysis was done using the Chi-Square test to assess the relationship between the type of Mucormycosis and other variables. Spearman's Correlation test was used to assess the correlation between types of Mucormycosis with the other variables. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the response variable related to the type of Mucormycosis.
Results:
About 50% of subjects presented with "Rhino orbital" type of Mucormycosis. Palatal discoloration and palatal erosion was the most common oral manifestation among "only Sinus" and "Rhino orbital" types of Mucormycosis (P = 0.00). Significant association (P = 0.29) was found between the type of Diabetes mellitus and Mucormycosis.
Conclusions:
The study indicates that DM is the most commonly associated comorbidity in CAM patients. Hence, a thorough understanding of the underlying comorbidity and its close monitoring during and after COVID-19 infection is mandatory for successful treatment outcomes.
Insights
COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) is a significant challenge, particularly in India. This study found Rhino orbital type common, with palatal issues prevalent, and highlighted Diabetes Mellitus as a key comorbidity requiring monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Background:
- Mucormycosis presents a significant challenge for healthcare professionals managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in India.
- Understanding the behavior of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) is crucial for developing standardized treatment protocols and reducing mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess Mucormycosis types in COVID-19 patients.
- To compare Mucormycosis types with clinical, radiological, and hematological parameters.
- To evaluate treatment and surgical management strategies for CAM.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, observational study of 60 CAM cases.
- Data collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
- Statistical analysis including Chi-Square, Spearman's Correlation, and Linear Regression.
Main Results:
- Approximately 50% of patients presented with the Rhino orbital type of Mucormycosis.
- Palatal discoloration and erosion were the most frequent oral manifestations in Sinus and Rhino orbital types (P=0.00).
- A significant association was observed between Diabetes Mellitus type and Mucormycosis (P=0.29).
Conclusions:
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most frequent comorbidity in CAM patients.
- Close monitoring of DM in COVID-19 patients is mandatory for successful treatment outcomes.
- Understanding underlying comorbidities is essential for managing CAM effectively.
