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Profiling Physical Activity Motivation Based on Reasons for Exercise: A Cluster Analysis Approach.
Vanessa M Martinez Kercher1, Damon Burton2, Michael A Pickering2
1Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Psychological Reports
|August 15, 2022
Summary
Adults engage in physical activity for diverse reasons, forming distinct motivational profiles. Combining intrinsic and extrinsic motivations may enhance autonomous regulation and increase physical activity levels more effectively than intrinsic goals alone.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Science
- Exercise Science
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Understanding adult motivations for physical activity (PA) is crucial for promoting adherence.
- Previous research has explored various reasons for exercise, but profiling based on these reasons is less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct profiles of adults based on their reasons for engaging in physical activity.
- To examine how these identified profiles differ in terms of motivational regulation and actual PA levels.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional survey design involving 1275 adult participants.
- Utilized the Reasons to Exercise (RE X-2) scale, International PA Questionnaire, and Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3.
- K-cluster analysis identified profiles, and MANOVA/ANOVA assessed differences between clusters.
Main Results:
- Four distinct profiles emerged: multi-reason positive, multi-reason negative, autonomous-focused, and control-focused.
- Significant differences were found across clusters in motivational regulation and PA levels (p < .001).
- The multi-reason positive cluster reported the highest moderate-to-vigorous PA minutes per week.
Conclusions:
- Adults' motivations for PA are complex, influenced by a blend of intrinsic and extrinsic goals.
- Valuing both controlling (e.g., appearance) and autonomous (e.g., well-being) reasons may foster greater autonomous motivation and higher PA.
- Interventions could benefit from addressing diverse motivational factors to enhance sustained physical activity.
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