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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

34
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
34
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

29
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
29
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

40
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
40
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

103
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
103
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

33
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
33
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

80
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
80

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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Meningococcal Urethritis: Old and New.

Bethany L Burns1, Daniel D Rhoads1,2,3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|August 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neisseria meningitidis, a common bacterium, can cause invasive disease. A new non-encapsulated group, US N. meningitidis urethritis clade (US_NmUC), causes urethritis and is hard to distinguish from gonorrhea.

Keywords:
Neisseria meningitidisUS_NmUCmeningococcal urethritisurethritis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Neisseria meningitidis is a common commensal bacterium.
  • Vaccines have reduced invasive meningococcal disease from encapsulated serogroups.
  • Non-encapsulated N. meningitidis are now more prevalent, including the emerging US N. meningitidis urethritis clade (US_NmUC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and emergence of meningococcal urethritis caused by US_NmUC.
  • To explore the diagnostic challenges in differentiating US_NmUC from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • To discuss current laboratory diagnosis and clinical treatment strategies for US_NmUC infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on meningococcal urethritis and US_NmUC.
  • Analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features of US_NmUC.
  • Comparison of clinical presentations and microbiological findings with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Main Results:

  • US_NmUC is an emerging cause of urethritis in men.
  • US_NmUC possesses unique features potentially enhancing its fitness in the male urethra.
  • Diagnostic differentiation from Neisseria gonorrhoeae is challenging due to overlapping clinical and microbiological characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • US_NmUC represents a growing public health concern.
  • Improved diagnostic methods are needed to distinguish US_NmUC from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • Further research into US_NmUC pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.