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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
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Shearing Stress01:19

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces
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Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces.

Pravin Pokhrel1, Changpeng Hu1, Hanbin Mao2

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kent State University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|August 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ensemble force spectroscopy uses shear forces to unfold DNA i-motifs, enabling high-throughput biophysical studies. This method also reveals ligand binding and demonstrates shear-actuated click chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Single-molecule techniques offer high sensitivity but lack throughput.
  • Ensemble force spectroscopy (EFS) bridges this gap by studying molecular ensembles.
  • DNA secondary structures like i-motifs are crucial biological targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt EFS for high-throughput analysis of DNA secondary structures.
  • To investigate shear force effects on i-motif unfolding and ligand binding.
  • To demonstrate mechano-click chemistry for molecular control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ensemble force spectroscopy (EFS) with a homogenizer tip.
  • Applied shear rates up to 77796/s to unfold DNA i-motifs.
  • Analyzed effects of flow rates and molecular size on shear forces.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated shear-induced unfolding of DNA i-motifs.
  • Quantified the impact of flow rates and molecular size on unfolding forces.
  • Revealed binding affinities between i-motifs and ligands.
  • Successfully demonstrated shear-actuated click chemistry (mechano-click chemistry).

Conclusions:

  • EFS is effective for high-throughput biophysical studies of DNA structures.
  • Shear force can be precisely controlled to manipulate molecular conformations.
  • Mechano-click chemistry offers a novel approach for force-actuated molecular reactions.