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Spin transport in Heisenberg spin chains exhibits subdiffusive behavior (z=4) due to perturbations. Diffusion is eventually recovered, with a constant independent of perturbation strength, determined by anisotropy.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Spin Dynamics

Background:

  • Heisenberg spin chains are fundamental models for magnetism.
  • Integrability-breaking perturbations can drastically alter spin transport properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin transport in easy-axis Heisenberg spin chains under integrability-breaking perturbations.
  • To characterize the nature of spin transport (diffusive vs. subdiffusive) and its dependence on perturbation strength and anisotropy.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of spin transport in perturbed Heisenberg spin chains.
  • Numerical simulations to provide evidence for theoretical predictions.
  • Analysis of quasiparticle dynamics and effective constraints.

Main Results:

  • Subdiffusive spin transport with a dynamical exponent z=4 is observed up to long timescales.
  • For infinite anisotropy, transport remains subdiffusive at all times.
  • For finite anisotropy, diffusion is recovered at late times, with a diffusion constant independent of perturbation strength and solely dependent on anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • The diffusion constant in near-integrable diffusive spin chains is generally not perturbative with respect to integrability-breaking strength.
  • Dynamical screening of quasiparticle excitations and effective dynamical constraints govern the observed transport behavior.