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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

440
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
440
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

375
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
375
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

422
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
422
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

122
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
122
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

283
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
283

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Keep the Ball Rolling: Sustained Multiturn Conversational Episodes Are Associated With Child Language Ability.

Molly Beiting1, Rebecca M Alper2, Rufan Luo3

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Child language development is linked to conversational turns that include nonverbal cues. Interactions with both verbal and nonverbal elements positively impact language ability in young children.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Linguistics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Interaction quality is crucial for child language development.
  • Multiturn conversational episodes are a key indicator of interaction quality.
  • Socioeconomic status can confound the relationship between interaction and language ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between interaction quality and child language ability.
  • To investigate the role of multiturn conversational episodes as an indicator of interaction quality.
  • To determine if including nonverbal behaviors in conversational turn analysis alters the relationship with child language ability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal study of 27 mother-child dyads (children aged 13-27 months).
  • Participants were from underresourced households, with some bilingual families.
  • Trained observers coded verbal and nonverbal behaviors during home interactions; linear regression models were used.

Main Results:

  • Child language ability was positively associated with verbal-nonverbal single turns and multiturn conversational episodes.
  • No significant association was found between language ability and single verbal-only turns.
  • Conversational turn variables including nonverbal behaviors were significantly linked to child language ability.

Conclusions:

  • Nonverbal contributions are essential for understanding child language acquisition.
  • Interaction quality indicators that incorporate nonverbal behaviors are more strongly associated with child language ability.
  • Findings have implications for designing caregiver-implemented interventions to support language development.