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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

70.5K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos
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Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos

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What can we learn from kidney organoids?

Aude Dorison1, Thomas A Forbes2, Melissa H Little1

  • 1Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Kidney International
|August 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Generating 3D kidney organoids from stem cells advances nephrology research. While promising for disease modeling and drug screening, realizing their full potential requires addressing current limitations and challenges.

Keywords:
bioengineeringdisease modelingiPSCkidney organoidsstem cell

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A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 13, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into kidney organoids, offering a novel model for human kidney development.
  • Kidney organoids hold promise for studying kidney diseases and facilitating drug screening.
  • Despite advancements, the full potential of kidney organoids in regenerative medicine and disease modeling is yet to be realized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for generating human kidney organoids from stem cells.
  • To summarize current applications and successes of kidney organoid technology.
  • To identify limitations and challenges in the field of kidney organoid research.

Main Methods:

  • Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
  • 3D culture techniques for organoid formation.
  • Review of existing literature on kidney organoid generation and application.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols exist for generating kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Kidney organoids have been successfully used to model aspects of human kidney development and disease.
  • Significant limitations remain, including variability in organoid structure and function, and challenges in scalability.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney organoids represent a significant advancement in experimental nephrology.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and fully harness the potential of kidney organoids for clinical applications.
  • Addressing challenges in generation, characterization, and application is crucial for future progress.