[Controversies on the diagnosis and treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma]

With the widely usage of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating agents, monoclonal antibodies and autologous stem cell transplantation in the first line, most of multiple myeloma(MM) patients achieved high response rate and prolonged the survival period, but most of MM patients will relapse eventually. There are a lot of unmet needs for the management of relapse and refractory myeloma (RRMM). Although there are several guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of RRMM, but doctors often find some controversies in clinical practice. The controversies will be discussed in this paper expected to guide the practice of younger doctors.