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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Degradable Glycopolyester-like Nanoparticles by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Théo Pesenti1, Daniel Domingo-Lopez1, Emilie Gillon2

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.

Biomacromolecules
|August 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed degradable glycopolymers into stable nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles showed specific interactions with lectins and were internalized by cancer cells, indicating potential for biomedical uses.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing novel degradable polymers is crucial for advanced biomedical applications.
  • Glycopolymers offer unique biological recognition properties.
  • Nanoparticle formulation enhances drug delivery and imaging capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel degradable polyester-like glycopolymers.
  • To formulate these glycopolymers into stable, biocompatible nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the interaction of these nanoparticles with biological systems and their potential for cell imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Radical ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKA) and vinyl ethers (VE).
  • Palladium-catalyzed thioglycoconjugation for polymer functionalization.
  • Nanoparticle formulation, stability testing, enzymatic degradation studies, and cytocompatibility assays.
  • Fluorescent labeling and cell uptake studies using lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a library of degradable polyester-like glycopolymers.
  • Formulated stable (up to 4 months) and enzymatically degradable thioglyconanoparticles.
  • Demonstrated good cytocompatibility of nanoparticles and their degradation products.
  • Confirmed specific carbohydrate/lectin and nonspecific hydrophobic interactions.
  • Visualized nanoparticle internalization into A549 cells using fluorescently labeled nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized P(CKA-co-VE) copolymers are promising building blocks for advanced biomaterials.
  • The developed thioglyconanoparticles exhibit favorable properties for biomedical applications, including biocompatibility and cell uptake.
  • These findings highlight the potential of these novel glycopolymers for applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.