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Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
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Physical Activity Dynamics During a Digital Messaging Intervention Changed After the Pandemic Declaration.

Sahar Hojjatinia1, Alexandra M Lee2, Sarah Hojjatinia3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.

Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
|August 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced physical activity, especially on weekdays. Models of physical activity responses to digital messages changed significantly, suggesting a need for continuous tuning of interventions.

Keywords:
COVID-19exercisefitness trackerspatient-specific modelingprecision medicinesocial environment

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines and physical activity levels.
  • Understanding how pandemic-related contextual changes affect physical activity dynamics and intervention responses is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity dynamics and responses to digital micro-interventions.
  • To analyze changes in physical activity patterns and intervention effectiveness before and after the pandemic declaration.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 22 insufficiently active young adults (18-29 years) for a 6-month study using Fitbit smartwatches.
  • Delivered 0-6 randomized digital messages daily (Move More, Sit Less, Inspirational Quotes) via smartphone notifications.
  • Applied system identification techniques to model physical activity dynamics in response to messages pre- and post-pandemic declaration.

Main Results:

  • Daily step counts significantly decreased on weekdays (Cohen's d = -1.40) but not weekends (d = -0.26) after the pandemic declaration.
  • The overall speed of physical activity response (dominant pole magnitude) showed no significant change on weekdays (d = -0.18) or weekends (d = -0.21).
  • Limited rank-order consistency was observed in intervention response features before and after the pandemic declaration.

Conclusions:

  • Generalizing behavioral dynamics models across different contexts may yield ineffective decision rules for just-in-time physical activity interventions.
  • Recommends periodic model-based adaptations (continuous tuning interventions) for digital messages to account for changing environmental contexts.