Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 1, 2025
09:15
Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach
Published on: May 7, 2019
16.0K
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Children: Evolution, Current Status, and Future Trends.
Yesica Quiroz1, Bhaskar Kumar Somani2, Yiloren Tanidir3
1Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.
Journal of Endourology
|August 16, 2022
Summary
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric urolithiasis, showing improved stone-free rates and decreased complications with increased surgeon experience. Further research is needed to optimize its use across all pediatric age groups.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Urolithiasis Management
Background:
- Pediatric urolithiasis incidence is rising, necessitating advanced treatment options.
- Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) offers a minimally invasive approach via natural orifices, avoiding percutaneous access morbidity.
- This review examines RIRS evolution in children, focusing on age-related anatomical impacts on outcomes.
Approach:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to October 2021 across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science).
- 51 relevant articles were selected after screening 2022 initial records and 165 full-text articles.
- Two pediatric urologists synthesized findings on RIRS development and pediatric application.
Key Points:
- RIRS is now a preferred modality for pediatric urolithiasis over extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
- Passive dilation reduces the need for active ureteral dilation, though prestenting necessity remains unclear.
- Ureteral access sheath use is common, but long-term effects on pediatric growth require investigation.
Conclusions:
- RIRS has significantly improved stone-free rates (SFR) and reduced complications in pediatric patients.
- Increased surgeon experience correlates with better RIRS outcomes.
- Further research and larger datasets are essential to establish RIRS as the definitive treatment for all pediatric renal stone cases.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
67
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
67
01:22Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
134
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
134
01:28Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
50
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
50
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
55
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
55
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
23
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
23
01:30Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
106
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
106