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High-Energy-Density Chelated Chromium Flow Battery Electrolyte at Neutral pH.

Brian H Robb1, Scott E Waters2, Michael P Marshak2,3

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|August 16, 2022
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Summary

This study demonstrates high-concentration, neutral pH operation for chromium 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetate (CrPDTA) redox flow batteries (RFBs). This breakthrough enhances energy density and efficiency for advanced energy storage solutions.

Keywords:
Redox flow batterybatterieschromiumelectrochemistryenergy densitymembrane.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High-concentration electrolytes are crucial for increasing energy storage capacity in redox flow batteries (RFBs).
  • Neutral pH electrolytes face challenges in dissolving metal ions compared to acidic ones, hindering energy-dense electrolyte development.
  • Chromium 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetate (CrPDTA) is a promising material for non-acidic RFBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve high-concentration, neutral pH operation of CrPDTA-based RFBs.
  • To investigate the impact of buffer selection and pH on membrane performance during extended cycling.
  • To expand the operational pH range of CrPDTA and evaluate its performance against a ferrocyanide posolyte.

Main Methods:

  • Operating CrPDTA RFBs at neutral pH with concentrations of 1.2 M at room temperature and 1.6 M at 40°C.
  • Conducting extended full cell cycling tests to assess membrane compatibility and buffer effects.
  • Cycling CrPDTA at pH 7 against a ferrocyanide posolyte at 100 mA cm⁻².

Main Results:

  • Achieved 60% higher negolyte capacity (up to 42.9 Ah L⁻¹) for CrPDTA at neutral pH compared to previous non-additive solutions.
  • Demonstrated the critical role of buffer selection and pH management with the Fumasep E-620(K) membrane.
  • Obtained excellent coulombic efficiencies (>99.7%) and energy efficiencies (>87%) at pH 7, operating significantly below the hydrogen evolution window.

Conclusions:

  • High-concentration, neutral pH operation of CrPDTA RFBs is feasible, significantly boosting energy density.
  • Optimized buffer selection and pH control are essential for stable membrane performance in CrPDTA RFBs.
  • CrPDTA demonstrates robust performance across an expanded pH range, offering a promising avenue for efficient and safe energy storage.