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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Atraumatic acute compartment syndrome - case report.

B Makara, M Dudek, J Viktorin

    Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti
    |August 16, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This case report details an idiopathic compartment syndrome in both upper limbs following icing of a contusion. Prompt dermatofasciectomy led to full recovery without lasting complications.

    Keywords:
    atraumatic acute compartment syndromebradykinin systemintrafascial pressure measurementurgent dermatofasciectomy

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    Area of Science:

    • Medicine
    • Surgery
    • Traumatology

    Background:

    • Presents a rare case of idiopathic compartment syndrome affecting both upper limbs.
    • Triggered by icing a contusion trauma, highlighting an unusual etiology.
    • Motivated by a previous publication on acute spontaneous compartment syndrome of the upper limb.

    Observation:

    • A 43-year-old male presented with severe, painful swelling in both upper extremities after icing bruises from a fall.
    • The swelling developed rapidly post-icing.
    • Diagnosed with compartment syndrome in the left hand and right forearm.

    Findings:

    • Surgical intervention, specifically dermatofasciectomy, was performed on both affected limbs.
    • The procedure resulted in the normalization of the condition in both upper extremities.
    • The patient achieved a full recovery with no deficits in perfusion, mobility, or sensation.

    Implications:

    • Emphasizes the rarity of atraumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremity.
    • Stresses the importance of recognizing this condition in surgical outpatient settings.
    • Underscores the potential for severe permanent damage if diagnosis and treatment are delayed.