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Helical flow states in active nematics.

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Confining active nematic fluids in 3D channels creates two unique helical flow patterns: braided streams and counter-rotating vortices. These self-organized states demonstrate active fluids

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Active fluids exhibit complex behaviors due to internal stresses.
  • Nematic liquid crystals are anisotropic fluids with orientational order.
  • Confining fluids in 3D geometries can induce novel flow phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-organized flow states of extensile nematics in 3D channels.
  • To characterize the conditions leading to helical flow patterns.
  • To explore the symmetry-breaking capabilities of active fluids in confined systems.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of active nematic hydrodynamics in 3D channel geometries.
  • Varying parameters such as activity, anchoring strength, and temperature.
  • Analysis of flow field topology and helicity.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of two distinct self-organized helical flow states: double helix (braided streams) and grinder train (counter-rotating vortices).
  • The double helix state is favored by moderate activity, negligible anchoring, and high reduced temperature.
  • The grinder train state forms at intermediate conditions between axial streaming and vortex lattices.

Conclusions:

  • Active nematics in 3D channels exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking, leading to complex, organized flow structures.
  • The identified helical flow states have implications for designing microfluidic devices and understanding active matter.
  • These findings highlight the rich emergent behavior possible in confined active fluid systems.