Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

8.0K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.0K
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

35.7K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
35.7K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

998
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
998
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.6K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.6K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.5K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.5K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

59.3K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
59.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Death-birth adaptive dynamics: modeling trait evolution.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Stochastic evolution of bad memes.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Hidden role of mutations in the evolutionary process.

Physical review. E·2021
Same author

Moderate immigration may promote a peak of cooperation among natives.

Physical review. E·2021
Same author

Positive interactions may decrease cooperation in social dilemma experiments.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

Role-separating ordering in social dilemmas controlled by topological frustration.

Physical review. E·2017
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response
06:26

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response

Published on: May 23, 2020

8.3K

When stochasticity leads to cooperation.

Ian Braga1, Lucas Wardil1

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|August 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stochasticity, or randomness, can surprisingly promote cooperation in groups. Even without population viscosity, random fluctuations can favor cooperators, a key finding for understanding social evolution.

More Related Videos

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.5K
Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response
06:26

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response

Published on: May 23, 2020

8.3K
The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

9.5K
Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Game Theory
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • The evolution of cooperation is a central question in evolutionary biology, often explained by spatial structure.
  • Game theory, introduced by Smith, provides a framework for studying cooperation.
  • Previous research highlights the significance of spatial structure in promoting cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of stochasticity on cooperation in group-structured populations.
  • To derive a formula for the fixation probability of cooperators under stochasticity.
  • To investigate conditions favoring cooperation beyond traditional models.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of group-structured populations.
  • Analysis of fixation probabilities using game theory principles.
  • Exploration of stochastic effects on evolutionary dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A simple formula for cooperator fixation probability was derived.
  • Cooperation can be favored by selection under conditions similar to Hamilton's rule, even with high migration.
  • Stochastic fluctuations can favor cooperation, particularly when they disproportionately impact cooperators.

Conclusions:

  • Stochasticity plays a crucial role in the evolution of cooperation, independent of population viscosity.
  • The findings extend the understanding of cooperation beyond spatial structure alone.
  • Random fluctuations can be a significant driving force for cooperation in biological systems.