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Related Concept Videos

Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

172
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
172

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A Novel Approach to Developing Thresholds for Total Dissolved Solids Using Standardized and Experimental Toxicity

Robert N Brent1, Jared Kunkel1, Zachary Tomek1

  • 1Integrated Science and Technology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|August 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed site-specific total dissolved solids (TDS) thresholds to protect freshwater aquatic life from salinization. The novel approach accounts for specific ion compositions, offering a model for water quality standards to combat environmental pollution.

Keywords:
Freshwater salinizationfreshwater toxicologytotal dissolved solidstotal maximum daily loads (TMDLs)water quality criteria

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Increasing salinization of freshwater streams poses a global environmental threat.
  • Anthropogenic activities elevate ion concentrations and total dissolved solids (TDS), impacting water supplies and aquatic ecosystems.
  • Existing water quality standards are insufficient due to the complex ion-specific toxicity of saline waters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop site-specific and ecologically relevant total dissolved solids (TDS) thresholds for protecting freshwater aquatic life.
  • To create a novel approach for establishing water quality criteria that are easy to measure yet account for complex ion interactions.
  • To address the limitations of current standards in protecting streams from salinization.

Main Methods:

  • Characterized the specific ion composition of the target waterbody.
  • Prepared artificial water samples mimicking the local ionic composition across a range of TDS concentrations.
  • Conducted toxicity tests using both standardized and ecologically relevant aquatic species exposed to these artificial samples.

Main Results:

  • Developed acute and chronic TDS thresholds of 938 and 463 mg/L, respectively, for Sand Branch, Virginia.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of the novel approach in a salinized stream impacted by mining and urban runoff.
  • Successfully applied the developed thresholds for total maximum daily load (TMDL) development.

Conclusions:

  • The novel approach provides a robust method for creating site-specific TDS thresholds protective of aquatic life.
  • This methodology can serve as a model for establishing water quality standards in other salinization-affected waterbodies.
  • Site-specific criteria are essential for effective management of freshwater salinization.