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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Overview
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Nucleotide excision repair: a versatile and smart toolkit.

Xiping Zhang, Mengdie Yin, Jinchuan Hu

    Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica
    |August 17, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes bulky DNA damage from environmental toxins. This review details NER mechanisms, including global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), and new mapping techniques.

    Keywords:
    damage recognitionglobal genome repairnucleotide excision repairrepair mappingtranscription-coupled repair

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    Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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    Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a critical DNA repair pathway conserved across organisms.
    • NER combats DNA damage caused by environmental toxins and endogenous agents.
    • NER comprises two sub-pathways: global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), with distinct damage recognition mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the molecular mechanisms of NER in mammalian cells.
    • To elucidate the damage recognition steps in both GGR and TCR sub-pathways.
    • To discuss recent advances in genome-wide NER mapping and its role in chromatin.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on NER molecular mechanisms.
    • Introduction of novel sequencing techniques for genome-wide NER mapping.
    • Analysis of recent studies utilizing these methods to investigate NER in chromatin.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed description of the molecular machinery and damage recognition processes in mammalian NER.
    • Presentation of new sequencing methods enabling high-resolution genome-wide mapping of NER.
    • Insights into NER's engagement with chromatin structure and dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • NER is a versatile pathway essential for maintaining genomic integrity against diverse DNA lesions.
    • Advanced sequencing technologies provide unprecedented resolution for studying NER dynamics in the genome.
    • NER factors play roles beyond canonical DNA repair, including oxidative damage repair and R-loop resolution.