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Genome Maintenance in Mammalian Stem Cells.

John C Schimenti1, Rui Huang1, Liangdao Li1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;

Annual Review of Genetics
|August 17, 2022
PubMed
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Stem cells maintain tissue health by protecting their DNA from damage. They employ diverse DNA repair and cell cycle strategies to ensure proper function and renewal, even after injury.

Keywords:
DNA damage responseDNA repaircell cycle checkpointsmutationreplication stresstissue homeostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells are vital for tissue homeostasis and organismal longevity.
  • Genome integrity is essential for stem cell function, renewal, and differentiation.
  • Stem cells face intrinsic and extrinsic challenges like infection and injury, necessitating robust DNA maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare DNA damage response strategies across diverse stem cell types.
  • To explore how different stem cells maintain genome stability.
  • To understand the role of DNA repair in stem cell resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stem cell biology and DNA damage response mechanisms.
  • Comparative analysis of stem cell types from various germ layers and extraembryonic tissues.
  • Examination of cellular strategies for genome maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Diverse stem cell populations exhibit varied approaches to genome maintenance.
  • Strategies include robust DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint modulation, and controlled proliferation.
  • Some stem cells minimize divisions or differentiate upon excessive DNA damage.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cells employ a range of sophisticated mechanisms to preserve genome integrity.
  • These strategies are tailored to specific tissue niches and developmental contexts.
  • Effective genome maintenance is fundamental to stem cell function and organismal health.