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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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Transcriptomics, regulatory syntax, and enhancer identification in mesoderm-induced ESCs at single-cell resolution.

Mamduh Khateb1, Jelena Perovanovic1, Kyung Dae Ko1

  • 1Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cell Reports
|August 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study maps gene expression and chromatin changes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiating into muscle and nerve cells. It reveals key genomic elements controlling cell fate decisions and identifies cellular diversity during development.

Keywords:
CP: Developmental biologyPax7chromatin accessibilityembryonic stem cellsmesodermmyogenesisneurogenesissingle-cell omics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess the potential to differentiate into various functional cell types through defined developmental pathways.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing ESC differentiation is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively catalog gene expression, histone modifications, chromatin conformation, and accessibility during ESC differentiation into presomitic mesoderm, and subsequently into myogenic and neurogenic lineages.
  • To identify key cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors that orchestrate these lineage-specific gene-expression programs.
  • To uncover previously unrecognized genomic elements involved in the activation of Pax7 and the initiation of myogenic and neurogenic programs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bulk and single-cell assays to profile multiple molecular layers including gene expression, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility.
  • Analyzed transitions in ESC populations and individual cells undergoing lineage specification.
  • Employed computational approaches to identify cis-regulatory regions and transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Detailed atlases of molecular changes during ESC differentiation toward mesoderm, myogenic, and neurogenic fates were generated.
  • Identified specific cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors governing critical gene-expression programs at defined ESC developmental stages.
  • Revealed significant heterogeneity within ESC populations at discrete developmental time points.
  • Discovered novel genomic elements essential for initiating Pax7 expression and myogenic/neurogenic programs.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a valuable multi-omic resource for understanding the genomic and transcriptional landscape of pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny.
  • The findings offer insights into the complex regulatory networks controlling cell fate decisions during early development.
  • The identified genomic elements and transcriptional regulators serve as potential targets for future research in stem cell differentiation and therapeutic development.