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Updated: Sep 1, 2025
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Abstract:
A review of the current treatment options for prostate cancer and the formation of resistance to these regimens has been compiled including primary, acquired, and cross-resistance. The diversification of the pathways involved and the escape routes the tumor is utilizing have been addressed. Whereas early stages of tumor can be cured, there is no treatment available after a point of no return has been reached, leaving palliative treatment as the only option. The major reasons for this outcome are the heterogeneity of tumors, both inter- and intra-individually and the nearly endless number of escape routes, which the tumor can select to overcome the effects of treatment. This means that more focus should be applied to the individualization of both diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. In addition to current treatment options, novel drugs and ongoing clinical trials have been addressed in this review.
Insights
Prostate cancer treatments face resistance due to tumor heterogeneity and diverse escape routes. Personalized diagnosis and therapy are crucial for overcoming treatment failure and improving outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cancer Biology
Background:
- Prostate cancer treatment faces challenges due to acquired resistance.
- Tumor heterogeneity and multiple resistance pathways limit therapeutic efficacy.
Approach:
- This review compiles current prostate cancer treatment options.
- It addresses primary, acquired, and cross-resistance mechanisms.
- Novel drugs and clinical trials are also discussed.
Key Points:
- Tumor heterogeneity (inter- and intra-individual) is a major reason for treatment failure.
- Cancer cells utilize numerous escape routes to overcome therapeutic effects.
- Early-stage prostate cancer is curable, but advanced stages offer limited options beyond palliative care.
Conclusions:
- Individualized diagnosis and therapy are essential for effective prostate cancer management.
- Further research into novel drugs and clinical trials is ongoing to combat treatment resistance.
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