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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Pancreatic involvement in celiac disease.

Daniel Vasile Balaban1, Iulia Enache1, Marina Ciochina1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|August 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease (CD) involves the pancreas, with exocrine function less studied than endocrine. This review examines pancreatic exocrine changes in CD, including insufficiency and pancreatitis risk.

Keywords:
AutoimmuneCeliac diseaseCystic fibrosisExocrine insufficiencyPancreasPancreatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Autoimmune Diseases
  • Pancreatic Physiology and Pathology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with diverse extraintestinal manifestations.
  • Pancreatic involvement in CD includes both endocrine and exocrine alterations.
  • While pancreatic endocrine changes (e.g., type 1 diabetes) are well-documented, exocrine pancreas involvement is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on pancreatic exocrine alterations in celiac disease.
  • To focus on the risk of pancreatitis, association with autoimmune pancreatitis, and prevalence/outcomes of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in CD patients.
  • To explore the link with cystic fibrosis and discuss underlying mechanisms and clinical recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on pancreatic exocrine function in celiac disease.
  • Analysis of studies investigating pancreatitis risk, autoimmune pancreatitis association, and exocrine insufficiency.
  • Examination of the relationship between CD, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic exocrine impairment.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a link between celiac disease and an increased risk of pancreatitis.
  • Association with autoimmune pancreatitis is noted, though less extensively studied than endocrine aspects.
  • Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is observed in CD patients, with varying prevalence and outcomes influenced by diet adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is associated with significant pancreatic exocrine alterations, including insufficiency and pancreatitis risk.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of these exocrine changes.
  • Clinical practice should consider evaluating pancreatic exocrine function in CD patients, especially those with persistent symptoms or specific risk factors.