Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

92
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
92
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

437
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
437
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

201
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
201
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

367
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
367
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

296
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
296
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

316
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
316

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Daily alcohol consumption trajectories and user retention during a national temporary abstinence campaign: real-world data from a smartphone application.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Residual Error Coding in NONMEM Can Mislead Diagnostic Residuals: Impact of W Definition on IWRES, WRES, and CWRESI.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Invisible victims: rising pediatric cocaine exposures in France (2020-2024) - insights from the national poison center database.

Frontiers in toxicology·2026
Same author

Food Confusion Between Edible and Poisonous Plants: A 22-Year Retrospective of the Southeastern France Poison Control Center.

Toxins·2024
Same author

Deliberate Self-Poisoning with Plants in Southeastern France, a Poison Center 20-Year Report.

Toxins·2023
Same author

Unintentional poisoning from decanted toxic household chemicals.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.6K

Comorbidities and the right dose: antipsychotics.

Nicolas Simon1, Romain Torrents1, Jean-Michel Azorin2

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, CAP, Marseille, France.

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
|August 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antipsychotic drug efficacy is dose-dependent, necessitating personalized dosing. This review examines how comorbidities, particularly renal and hepatic impairment, affect antipsychotic pharmacokinetics, guiding clinical practice.

Keywords:
Antipsychoticscomorbiditycytochrome P450dosage individualizationpharmacokinetics

More Related Videos

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

18.6K
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

14.6K
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

18.6K
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Antipsychotic drug effects are dose-dependent, with unique dose-response curves for each agent.
  • Individualizing antipsychotic dosages is crucial for optimizing efficacy and managing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacokinetic profiles of seven oral antipsychotics.
  • To analyze the impact of comorbidities, specifically renal and hepatic impairment, on these pharmacokinetic profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed (1995-2022).
  • Review of clinical trials and existing literature on haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole pharmacokinetics.

Main Results:

  • Comorbidities significantly influence antipsychotic pharmacokinetics.
  • Renal and hepatic impairment can alter drug metabolism and elimination, affecting plasma concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pharmacokinetic variations due to comorbidities is essential for safe and effective antipsychotic prescribing.
  • Monitoring plasma levels aids clinicians in adjusting doses for patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.