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Age-related normal limits for spatial vision.

Arjan Keuken1,2, Ahalya Subramanian1, Sigrid Mueller-Schotte2,3

  • 1Applied Vision Research Centre, The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Vision Science, City, University of London, London, UK.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study defines normal age-related limits for spatial vision, finding that visual acuity and contrast thresholds remain stable until around age 50 in good light and age 30 in low light.

Keywords:
contrast thresholdsfunctional contrast sensitivitymesopic visionnormal age limitsphotopic visionvisual acuity

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vision Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Normal aging affects spatial vision, impacting visual acuity (VA) and contrast thresholds (CTs).
  • Establishing age-related normative data is crucial for clinical and occupational vision assessments.
  • Understanding these changes under varying light and contrast conditions is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish age-related, normal limits of monocular and binocular spatial vision.
  • To assess these limits under both photopic (bright) and mesopic (dim) lighting conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of positive and negative contrast optotypes on spatial vision across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Photopic and mesopic VA and CTs were measured using the Acuity-Plus (AP) test in 285 participants aged 10-86 years with normal sight.
  • Data were analyzed within 5-year age subgroups to calculate mean and ±2.5σ limits.
  • A biologically meaningful model was fitted to predict age-related changes in VA and CT.

Main Results:

  • Spatial vision (VA and CTs) remained age-invariant up to approximately 50 years in photopic conditions.
  • In mesopic conditions, age-invariance extended to around 30 years, with increasing thresholds and variability thereafter.
  • Binocular vision showed less variability than monocular vision, and negative contrast optotypes yielded significantly better results than positive contrast.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides expected age limits for spatial vision across various conditions (monocular/binocular, photopic/mesopic, positive/negative contrast).
  • The findings establish a single test's utility for clinical and occupational settings.
  • The established normative data aids in identifying age-related visual changes.