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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

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Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Heuristics01:21

Heuristics

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Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making. Unlike algorithms, which must be followed precisely to achieve a correct result, heuristics offer a general problem-solving framework. They save time and energy but can sometimes lead to less rational decisions.
People often rely on heuristics when faced with an overload of information, limited time, low importance of the decision, limited information, or when a heuristic readily comes to mind. For...
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Understanding and Explaining Diagnostic Paths: Toward Augmented Decision Making.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Informatics
    • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
    • Pathology Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Medical diagnosis heavily relies on implicit knowledge and expert experience.
    • Current diagnostic processes lack standardization, hindering AI development.
    • Understanding human decision-making is key to bridging the gap between expert knowledge and AI.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To observe and analyze human decision-making processes in medical diagnosis using pathology as a model.
    • To identify fundamental 'building blocks' of diagnostic reasoning.
    • To inform the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for medical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of expert pathologists during diagnostic tasks.
    • Tracking of diagnostic steps, including observation time and magnification.
    • Development of a documentation scheme for standardized examination procedures.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of discrete building blocks within the diagnostic process.
    • Insights into expert interaction with visual data (hot spots, magnification).
    • A standardized documentation scheme revealing pathologist's focus and identifiable features.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified building blocks can train and improve artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.
    • Visualization is critical for human-centered AI, especially in high-stakes medical fields.
    • Standardized procedures enhance AI development and enable human oversight in medical AI implementation.