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Determinants, maintenance, and function of organellar pH
Spencer A Freeman1,2, Sergio Grinstein1,2, John Orlowski3
1Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Washington, District of Columbia.
Physiological Reviews
|August 18, 2022
Summary
Proton (H+) concentration and intracellular pH regulation are vital for cellular homeostasis and function. Recent advances have illuminated organellar pH determinants, impacting cellular processes in health and disease.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
Background:
- Protonation state influences macromolecule function and cellular energy.
- Intracellular pH regulation is critical for homeostasis.
- Organellar pH determinants are less understood than cytosolic pH.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review recent advances in understanding organellar pH.
- Characterize pumps, channels, and transporters involved in pH regulation.
- Discuss implications for cellular function in health and disease.
Main Methods:
- Targeting molecular probes to organellar lumen.
- Genomic, proteomic, and electrophysiological techniques.
- Identification and characterization of unique transporters.
Main Results:
- Unique pumps, channels, and transporters identified.
- Mechanisms for establishing and maintaining organellar pH elucidated.
- Advances in techniques enable organellar pH studies.
Conclusions:
- Understanding organellar pH is crucial for cellular function.
- Dysregulation of organellar pH is linked to disease.
- Future research directions in organellar pH homeostasis.
Keywords:
H+-ATPases (F-ATPases and V-ATPases)acid-base homeostasispH regulationproton (H+)-motive forceviral fusionMore Related Videos
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