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Updated: Aug 31, 2025
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Three-dimensional Inflammatory Human Tissue Equivalents of Gingiva
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Generalized gingival necrosis in a patient under methimazole use
Rita Fabiane Teixeira Gomes1, Mariana Klein2, Edilson Fernando Castelo3
1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Summary
Methimazole, a common hyperthyroidism treatment, can cause rare but fatal agranulocytosis. This case highlights a patient who developed severe gingival necrosis linked to methimazole use.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
- Oral Medicine
Background:
- Hyperthyroidism affects 0.2-0.5% of the population, requiring hormonal management.
- Methimazole is a primary treatment for hyperthyroidism.
- Methimazole can lead to severe side effects like agranulocytosis.
Observation:
- A patient undergoing methimazole treatment for hyperthyroidism presented with generalized gingival necrosis.
- This oral complication is a rare but serious manifestation of methimazole-induced agranulocytosis.
Findings:
- The case report details the clinical presentation and suspected link between methimazole and severe gingival necrosis.
- Neutropenia and agranulocytosis are known risks associated with thionamide derivatives.
Implications:
- Clinicians should be vigilant for rare but severe side effects of methimazole, including oral manifestations.
- Early recognition and management of methimazole-induced complications are crucial for patient outcomes.
- This case underscores the importance of monitoring patients on methimazole for potential adverse drug reactions.
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